16 There and Back Again Mick
The Hobbit
The Hobbit | |
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Author | J.R.R. Tolkien |
Publisher | George Allen & Unwin; Houghton Mifflin |
Released | 21 September 1937; 1938 |
The Hobbit, or There and Back Once more , amend known as The Hobbit , is the get-go of J.R.R. Tolkien published books set within Arda. It was start published on 21 September 1937 by George Allen & Unwin in the Great britain, and was afterwards followed past the publication of Tolkien'south The Lord of the Rings in 1954 and 1955.
Contents
- 1 Plot
- 2 Characters
- 3 Conception
- 4 Publications and editions
- 4.1 Translations
- 5 Reception
- 6 Adaptations
- 7 Run into also
- 8 External links
- 9 References
[edit] Plot
The Hobbit chapters |
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Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway ane day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Adept Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes dorsum inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morn". Gandalf scratches a undercover mark on Bilbo'south front door, which translated means 'Infiltrator wants a skillful job, enough of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves (Thorin, Óin, Glóin, Dwalin, Balin, Bifur, Kíli, Fíli, Bofur, Dori, Bombur, Nori, and Ori) evidence up and brainstorm excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. Later the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the break-in job—also as to break the unlucky number 13. The company'south quest: kill Smaug, the dragon who seized the Lonely Mount (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a cloak-and-dagger door into the mountain, recapture information technology, dividing the riches inside its halls.
The side by side morning time, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three Trolls, but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying upwards all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls announced later in The Lord of the Rings.) In the troll'south cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires Sting, which glows blue in the presence of Goblins (another name for Orcs).
The party travels to Rivendell where they bask the hospitality of the Elves, then go on eastwards towards the Misty Mountains. There they are ambushed past goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the nighttime afterward running abroad from the goblins, Bilbo finds a ring on the floor of a cave passage and puts information technology into his pocket.
Continuing downwards, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. Gollum quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the Riddle-game, under the status that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will prove him the fashion out, but if he loses, Gollum volition eat Bilbo. Later several Riddles, which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst picayune in his pocket unable to remember of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the adjacent riddle, and as information technology doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the cease he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, simply Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. Afterwards searching around for a while request aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just desire to go out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling dorsum across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could apply to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic band that makes its wearer invisible; driven past rage, Gollum starts to realize the real reply to Bilbo'southward previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to come across his fate, only Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the band makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.
Descending from the Misty Mountains, they survive an encounter with Wargs (wild wolf creatures) by climbing copse. Eagles rescue them. Then they see Beorn, a man who can transform into a acquit. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The political party traverses the bang-up forest Mirkwood, eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to get out the path, but they saw burn and heard singing, and so, hopeless, they exit the path to beg nutrient from Wood-elves, only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves and so capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the Elvenking'south palace unnoticed using the band; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated downwardly the river.
Afterward staying for a short period of time at Lake-boondocks, the treasure-seekers keep to the Lonely Mount. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a rock, Bilbo looks upwardly just in fourth dimension to encounter the last rays of the Sun of Durin'due south Solar day, shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the surreptitious door (as was foretold by moon-messages upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to meet Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received aid from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the rock, was no ordinary bird only of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and information technology had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a blank patch on his belly that could exist used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this bulletin to ane Bard the Bowman, who seeing the blank patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single pointer, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to have possession of the treasure.
The citizens of Laketown make it to make historical claims and demand bounty for the aid they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his assault. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves reject all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other style to avoid a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized Arkenstone from the Dwarves, which he tries to apply to banker peace.
Just as Thorin is refusing a truce and battle is about to begin, the three armies at the Solitary Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) must rally together equally they are attacked past Goblins and Wargs from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the Battle of Five Armies. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses near of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he withal takes plenty with him to brand himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the unsafe nature of his ring.
[edit] Characters
- Bilbo Baggins
- Belladonna Took (mentioned only)
- Bungo Baggins (mentioned only)
- Old Took (mentioned only)
- Gandalf the Grey
- Thorin Oakenshield
- Dwalin
- Balin
- Fíli
- Kíli
- Óin
- Glóin
- Dori
- Nori
- Ori
- Bifur
- Bofur
- Bombur
- Smaug
- Thráin (mentioned merely)
- Thrór (mentioned but)
- Thráin I (mentioned only)
- Azog (mentioned simply)
- Bullroarer Took (mentioned merely)
- Golfimbul (mentioned merely)
- William
- Tom
- Bert
- Elrond
- Durin (mentioned only)
- The Great Goblin
- Gollum
- Wargs
- The Lord of the Eagles
- Beorn
- Radagast the Brown (mentioned simply)
- The Elvenking
- Galion
- Bard the Bowman
- Principal of Lake-town
- Girion of Dale (mentioned merely)
- Carc (mentioned only)
- Roäc
- Dáin Ironfoot
- Bolg
[edit] Conception
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to Due west.H. Auden (Letters, no. 163) that, in the belatedly 1920s, when he was Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Pembroke College, The Hobbit began when he was marking School Document papers, on the back of i of which he wrote the words "In a pigsty in the footing, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the fourth dimension, although in the following years he drew upward Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early on 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Female parent was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, Rayner Unwin, who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that information technology was published past Allen and Unwin.
Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically Elrond and Gondolin, along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of The Hobbit could belong to the same universe equally The Silmarillion was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, The Hobbit serves both every bit an introduction to Middle-Earth and equally a link between earlier and afterward events described in The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings, respectively.
Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the Beowulf ballsy, information technology makes use of Anglo-Saxon Runes, information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Nigh the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.
[edit] Publications and editions
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the first edition of The Hobbit on 21 September 1937. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings past Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere i,500 copies and sold out by 15 December that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early on in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would exist colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to contain the colour illustrations into their second press, released at the end of 1937.[one] Despite the book'southward popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.
As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised The Hobbit's text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to alloy the story better into what The Lord of the Rings had get. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text accept appeared in the third (1966) and quaternary editions (1978).
New English language-language editions of The Hobbit spring upward often, despite the book's age, with at least l editions having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive embrace art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each mostly adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the fourth dimension information technology is published.
[edit] Translations
The Hobbit has been translated into many languages. Known languages, with the start date of publishing, are:
- Afrikaans: Dice Hobbit' (2017)[2] [iii]
- Armenian: Hobit: Kam Gnaln ou Galû (1984)[4]
- Breton: An Hobbit, pe eno ha distro (2001)[4]
- Byelorussian: Хобiт, або Вандроўка туды i назад (2002)[v]
- Bengali: ISBN 9789380151939 (2011, by Santi Chatterjee)[6]
- Bulgarian: Bilbo Begins, ili, Dotam i obratno (1975); Khobit: Bilbo Begins, ili, Dotam i obratno (1999)[4]
- Catalan: El Hòbbit, o, Viatge d'anada i tornada (1983)[four]
- Chinese: Sheau Lihshean Jih or Xiao Airen Lixian Ji (1996); new translations in 2000 and 2001[four]
- Cornish: An Hobys, pò An Fordh Dy ha Tre Arta (2014)[7]
- Croatian: Hobit (1994)[4]
- Czech: Hobit, aneb, Cesta tam a zase zpátky (1979)[4]
- Danish: Hobbitten, eller, Ud og hjem igen (1969)[4]
- Dutch: De hobbit, of Daarheen en weer terug (1960, by Max Schuchart); De hobbit, of Daarheen en weer terug (1976; revised transl.)[4]
- Esperanto: La hobito (2000)
- Estonian: Kääbik, ehk, Sinna ja tagasi (1977)[iv]
- Faeroese: Hobbin, ella, Út og heim aftur (1990)[four]
- Finnish: Lohikäärmevuori, eli, Erään hoppelin matka sinne ja takaisin (1973); Hobitti, eli, Sinne ja takaisin (1985)[iv]
- French: Bilbo le Hobbit, ou, Histoire d'un aller et retour (1969)[four]; Le Hobbit (2012, by Daniel Lauzon)[eight]
- Frisian: De Hobbit (2009)
- Galician: O Hobbit (2000)[four]
- German: Kleiner Hobbit und der grosse Zauberer (1957, by Walter Scherf); rev. transl. in 1971 and 1991); Der Hobbit, oder, Hin und zurück (1997, past Wolfgang Krege)[iv]
- Greek: Χόμπιτ (1978)[4]
- Hebrew: ha-Hobit, o, Le-sham uva-hazarah (1976); Hobit (1977)[4]; ha-Hobit (2012)[nine]
- Hungarian: A babó (1975)[four]
- Icelandic: Hobbit (1978); Hobbitinn, eða, Út og Heim Aftur (1997)[4]
- Republic of ireland: An Hobad (2012)[10]
- Indonesian: Hobbit (1977)[four]
- Italian: Lo Hobbit, o, La riconquista del tesoro (1973)[iv]
- Japanese: Hobitto no Bôken (1965; rev. transl. in 1983); Hobitto, Yukite kaerishi Monogatari (1997)[four]
- Korean: [호빗] (1997)[4]
- Latin: Hobbitus Ille (2012)[eleven]
- Latvian: Hobits, jeb, Turp un atpakal (1991)[4]
- Lithuanian: Hobitas, arba, 10 ir atgal: Apysaka-pasaka (1985)[4]
- Luxembourgish: Den Hobbit (2002)[4]
- Marathi: [The Hobbit] (2011)[12]
- Moldavian: Hobbitul (1987)[4]
- Norwegian: Hobbiten, eller, Fram og tilbake igjen (1972); Hobbiten, eller, Fram og tilbake igjen (1997, by Nils Ivar Agøy)
- Persian: هابيت يا آنجا و بازگشت دوباره
(2004)[xiii] (in total, 5 dissimilar transl.?)[xiv] - Smoothen: Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem (1960; rev. transl. 1985); Hobbit, albo tam i z powrotem (1997);[4] [The Hobbit] (2002)[source?]
- Portuguese: O Gnomo (1962); O Hobbit (1976); O Hobbit (1985); O Hobbit (1995)[4]
- Romanian: O poveste cu un hobbit (1975); Povestea Unui Hobbit (1995)[four]
- Russian: (1976; 9 different translations total)[fifteen]
- Serbian: Hobit (1975)[4]
- Slovak: Hobbiti (1973)[4]
- Castilian: El hobito (1964); El hobbit (1982)[iv]
- Swedish: Hompen (1947); Bilbo: en hobbits äventyr (1962, by Britt G. Hallqvist);[4] Hobbiten (2007, by Erik Andersson)[source?]
- Thai: [The Hobbit] (2002)[iv]
- Turkish: Hobbit, Oradaydık ve şimdi buradayız (1996); Hobbit, Oradaydık ve şimdi buradayız (1997)[4]
- Ukrainian: Hobit, abo, Mandrivka za imlysti hory (1985)[four]
- Yiddish: der hobit: oder ahin united nations vider tsurik (2012)[16]
[edit] Reception
The first literary review of The Hobbit was entitled "A Globe for Children", written past C.Due south. Lewis and published on two October 1937.[17] [eighteen]
There have been at least two suggestions of when the beginning "critical word" of The Hobbit appeared in a volume: either Anne Carroll Moore'south My Roads to Childhood: Views and Reviews of Children's Books (Doubleday, 1939) or Helen E. Haines's What'south in a Novel (1942).[19] [20]
[edit] Adaptations
The Hobbit has been adapted for other media. BBC Radio 4 broadcast The Hobbit radio drama, adapted by Michael Kilgarriff, in viii parts (4 hours) from September to November 1968, which starred Anthony Jackson as narrator, Paul Daneman as Bilbo and Heron Carvic as Gandalf.
Middle-earth has been featured in songs notably past Enya and the Brobdingnagian Bards. Led Zeppelin's songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Constitutional On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For The Hobbit itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by Leonard Nimoy equally part of his 1968 Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy album, is the about pertinent considering it recounts the book's storyline in its ii minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when The Lord of the Rings movies were released.
In 1974, Argo Records released an audio accommodation of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaptation , as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many instances of "he said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to convey who was maxim what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.
An blithe version of the story debuted as a tv set movie in the U.s. in 1977.
A alive action television set dramatization was broadcast on USSR televsion in 1985.
David T. Wenzel's graphic format adaptation of The Hobbit was published in 1989.
Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. I of the first was The Hobbit, a calculator game adult in 1982 past Axle Software and published by Melbourne House for near computers available at the time, from the more than popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.
Vivendi Universal Games published The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. Information technology is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to The Lord of the Rings video games, just also as a softer version of those two games: less barbarous, fewer enemies just with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A like version of this game was as well published for the Game Male child Advance.
A three-part live-action film version of The Hobbit based on the book, and incorporating elements from the Apprendices of The Lord of the Rings was produced and directed by Peter Jackson, who had besides produced and directed a film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. Principal photography began in 2011 and ended in 2012, with the majority of the scenes being shot in New Zealand.
This film serial was released in three parts: The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was released on 14 December 2012; The Hobbit: The Pathos of Smaug was released on 13 December 2013; and The Hobbit: The Battle of the V Armies was released worldwide on 17 December 2014.
[edit] See also
- Poems in The Hobbit
- English-language editions of The Hobbit
- Characters in The Hobbit
- The Hobbit quotations
- The Quest of Erebor
[edit] External links
- Collection of edition covers, 1937–2005
- UK editions of The Hobbit
- The Hobbit: What has made the volume such an enduring success? by Tom Shippey
- Every Dutch edition of The Hobbit
- Hobbits around the globe - gallery
References
- ↑ Laura Massey, "Identifying & Collecting Tolkien First Editions" dated 9 Jan 2012, PeterHarrington.co.united kingdom (accessed 12 January 2012)
- ↑ http://www.proteaboekhuis.com/site.php/die-hobbit.html
- ↑ http://www.roekeloos.co.za/boeke/die-hobbit
- ↑ iv.00 four.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.x 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.xiv four.xv 4.xvi 4.17 4.18 4.19 four.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 four.25 four.26 four.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 iv.32 four.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 J.R.R. Tolkien; Douglas A. Anderson, (ed.), (2002) The Annotated Hobbit: Revised and Expanded Edition, pp. 387-96
- ↑ Marek Śliwiński, "Hobbit - Belorussian language", Babel Hobbits (accessed 26 August 2012)
- ↑ Suravi Chatterjee-Woolman, "Tolkien translations: Tolkien in Bengali" dated 5 January 2013, Tolkien Library (accessed 25 February 2013)
- ↑ "An Hobys, pò An Fordh Dy ha Tre Arta. The Hobbit, or There and Back Again in Cornish", evertype.com (accessed 20 April 2015)
- ↑ "Le Hobbit - nouvelle traduction de Daniel Lauzon", Tolkiendil.com (accessed 31 December 2012)
- ↑ "Hebrew", Elrond's Library (accessed 24 September 2013)
- ↑ "Some thoughts on the Irish linguistic communication Hobbit…" dated ten May 2012, TheOneRing.net (accessed 20 May 2013)
- ↑ Benedicte Folio, "Latin Hobbit for Harper" dated eight May 2012, TheBookSeller.com (accessed 26 August 2012)
- ↑ Pieter Collier, "Interview with Nilesh Pashte and Meena Kinikar most The Hobbit in Marä thi" dated 25 September 2011, Tolkien Library (accessed 26 August 2012)
- ↑ "Persian Hobbit 2004", Tolkien Collector'south Guide (accessed 26 August 2012)
- ↑ "Iran to celebrate J.R.R. Tolkien'south birthday" dated four January 2011, Islamic republic of iran Book News Agency (accessed 26 Baronial 2012)
- ↑ Mark T. Hooker, Tolkien Through Russian Eyes
- ↑ John D. Rateliff, "The Yiddish HOBBIT" dated 22 August 2013, Mailing list for the Mythopoeic Society (accessed 22 Baronial 2013)
- ↑ Åke Bertenstam, "A Chronological Bibliography of Books About Tolkien", The Tolkien Social club Forodrim (accessed seven January 2012)
- ↑ Christina Scull and Wayne Grand. Hammond (2006), The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: I. Chronology, p. 202
- ↑ John D. Rateliff, "Helen Haines" dated 26 June 2013, Sacnoth's Scriptorium (accessed xiv September 2013) (encounter also comments field)
- ↑ David Bratman, "Fantasy: The View from 1942" dated 15 Baronial 2013, Kalimac LiveJournal (accessed 14 September 2013)
Illustrators of The Hobbit | |
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Internal art | J.R.R. Tolkien (1937-present) · Eric Fraser (The Folio Society: 1979, 1992-present) · Michael Hague (1984-1992) · David T. Wenzel (graphic novel: 1989-nowadays) · Alan Lee (1997-present) · David Wyatt (1998-2001, 2012-2013) · John Howe (pop-upwards: 1999) · Jemima Catlin (2013-present) |
Cover art only | J.R.R. Tolkien (1937-present) · Pauline Baynes (1961) · Roger Garland (1987-1989) · John Howe (1991-present) · Ted Nasmith (1989-1991) · Barbara Remington (1965 Usa) |
The Hobbit motion-picture show series | ||
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Source textile: The Hobbit · The Lord of the Rings | ||
Films | An Unexpected Journey (extended edition)· The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition) · The Battle of the 5 Armies (extended edition) | |
Music | An Unexpected Journey (Special Edition) · The Desolation of Smaug (Special Edition) · The Battle of the 5 Armies (Special Edition) · "Song of the Solitary Mount" · "I See Fire" · "The Final Farewell" | |
Tie-in books | An Unexpected Journeying | Official Motion-picture show Guide · Visual Companion · Pic Storybook · Annual 2013 · Chronicles: Art & Design · Chronicles: Creatures & Characters · The Earth of Hobbits |
The Desolation of Smaug | Official Film Guide · Visual Companion · Movie Storybook · Almanac 2014 · Chronicles: Art & Design · Chronicles: Cloaks & Daggers · Smaug: Unleashing the Dragon · Action Book · Sticker Volume · Ultimate Sticker Drove | |
The Boxing of the Five Armies | Official Movie Guide · Visual Companion · Moving picture Storybook · Annual 2015 · Chronicles: Art & Design · Chronicles: The Art of State of war · Activity Book | |
Video games | Lego The Hobbit · Kingdoms of Middle-earth | |
Characters | Bilbo · Thorin · Gandalf · Balin · Fíli · Kíli · Dwalin · Dori · Nori · Ori · Óin · Glóin · Bifur · Bofur · Bombur · Smaug · Radagast · Elrond · Galadriel · Saruman · Azog · Bolg · Thranduil · Legolas · Tauriel · Bard · Bain · Tilda · Sigrid · Master of Lake-town · Alfrid · Dáin Ironfoot · Necromancer · Bert · William · Tom · Beorn · Thráin · Thrór · Goblin King · Gollum · Frodo |
Source: http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_Hobbit
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